Effects of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reef Resilience

Abstract

Coral reef resilience is essential for the survival of marine ecosystems, encompassing their ability to withstand various stressors such as climate change and ocean acidification. This study explores the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on coral reef resilience through an integrated approach combining field observations, laboratory experiments, and modeling. The study builds upon the Unified Coral Bleaching Theory proposed by Glynn (1991), providing a framework for understanding how OA, in conjunction with other stressors, impacts coral calcification rates and susceptibility to bleaching events. Results indicate a significant negative correlation between declining pH levels and coral calcification rates, highlighting the detrimental effects of OA on reef structure and integrity. The ecological repercussions of OA on coral reef communities are also examined, with studies revealing shifts in fish community structure and microbial composition under acidified conditions. These findings underscore the interconnected nature of OA impacts, affecting not only coral health but also ecosystem dynamics. The study emphasizes the urgent need for action to mitigate OA effects, recommending global reduction of CO2 emissions and localized measures such as improving water quality and establishing marine protected areas. From a policy perspective, the study informs evidence-based decisions, aligning with international agreements like the Paris Agreement to curb greenhouse gas emissions. Practically, the study offers insights for coral reef managers and conservation practitioners, enabling targeted conservation strategies to enhance reef resilience. By identifying OA hotspots and emphasizing intensified monitoring efforts, managers can implement adaptive management approaches. The study's integrated approach, considering ecological, physiological, and socio-economic dimensions, enhances our understanding of OA impacts on coral reefs. Methodologically, the study advances modeling approaches and interdisciplinary research, providing a template for future studies in this field. Overall, this study contributes to theoretical, practical, and policy aspects, guiding informed decision-making for the sustainable management of coral reefs in the face of ocean acidification.